hardware

Title: Hidden Figures in Hardware: How “Human Computers” Calculated Ballistics, Debugged Early Machines, and Were Erased from HistoryIntroductionDuring World War II and the early Cold War, a group of highly skilled women—often called “human computers”—performed the calculations and meticulous debugging work that made modern ballistics, early digital hardware, and spaceflight possible. They sat at banks of adding machines and mechanical calculators, worked through vast tables of numbers, and caught the subtle errors that would have…